We had this question come up in a Bible study recently and it got me thinking about the subject/topic.
There were a few words tossed around such as ‘awe’, ‘respect’, ‘reverence’, etc. And all those are certainly valid, but I don’t think any particular verb adequately captures the essence of what ‘fearing God’ actually means.
A lot of uninformed/ignorant (that is to say, those making these types of statements haven’t researched the topic at all and/or don’t have even a basic understanding of the subject matter) anti-Christian rhetoric I’ve seen make the claim that the Bible says followers of God should be terrified (in a negative/unhealthy manner) of God, and thus any God that insists or forces His believers to ‘fear’ Him isn’t a good or benevolent one…
This line of thinking I believe was propagated from Catholicism and other later ‘Christian’ or pseudo-Christian groups that attempted to use the ‘fear’ of hell and eternal torture as their primary driver for spreading the ‘gospel’ and even use it as an excuse to torture people who refused to convert to their religion in order to get them to confess/repent (better they suffer briefly in this life than suffer eternally in the next was their reasoning or things along those lines…)
This type of reasoning is of course very simple and basic to refute, requiring only rudimentary knowledge and basic understanding of the scripture and the life of Jesus and His apostles and followers, who, at no point in time, ever made any suggestion or indication that people could be ‘forced’ to follow God or repent, nor that torturing, murdering, executing, etc. people that didn’t follow them was in any way acceptable or ‘good’… Quite the opposite in fact. Jesus and His followers taught people things like: love your enemies (Luke 6:27-28), pray for those who persecute YOU (Matthew 5:43-44), be ready in season and out of season to give an answer to those who see the hope that is in you (2 Timothy 4:2), speak truth (2 Timothy 4:2), no one comes to the father except through Jesus (John 14:6), no persuasive words or arguments can convert someone (1 Corinthians 2:4-5 and 2 Corinthians 5:11-20), etc.
Quite literally, everything about the life of Jesus, His teachings, the lives of His apostles and followers, and their teachings/writings/accounts directly contradict the idea that people should/can be ‘forced’ to accept Christ as their king or that the fear of hell leading to repentance is the primary way the gospel is to be presented.
Now, all that being said, hell IS talked about in the Bible, by Jesus more than any one else actually, and it certainly IS concerning and should be enough to make anyone afraid to some degree, however there are a lot of other aspects to consider on that topic, HERE, HERE, and HERE are a few articles that have a lot of insightful info I think. And while Jesus talked about it more than anyone else, it still was never a main driving force in his teaching or approach, at least not from anything I can see… Aka, He never took the Catholicism approach and attempted to ‘scare’ people into following Him. People followed him for the LIFE that flowed from His Father through Him to others, not for fear of death or misery if they refused…
The topic at hand though is the ‘fear’ of the Lord, which is certainly a recurring theme throughout both the old testament and the new, and is frequently referenced by the prophets, the apostles, king David, various judges, and of course Jesus himself.
So firstly of course I think it’s important to look at the original Greek and Hebrew to see if there’s a different meaning based on the word(s) used. The Old and New Testament seem to use the following Hebrew and Greek words when talking about ‘fearing’ God:
- Yārē’ (verb: יָרֵא) and Yir’āh (noun: יִרְאָה), which means deep reverence, awe, and respect rather than just terror when referring to God.
- Phobeō (φοβέω) – The verb meaning “to fear,” “to be afraid,” or “to show reverence”. In the Septuagint, phobeō is the standard word used to translate the Hebrew yārē’ (fear of the Lord).
- Phobos (φόβος) – The noun meaning “fear,” “terror,” or “holy awe/reverence” (the root of the English word phobia).
- Theosebeia (θεοσέβεια) – Used in rare instances like 1 Timothy 2:10, literally meaning “god-respecting” or “god-reverence”.
- Eulabeia (εὐλάβεια) – A Greek word occasionally used to describe devout caution, godly submission, or reverent submission
So phobos is the Greek word used mostly in the New Testament, which can mean both dread/terror and reverence/awe, although 1 Timothy 2:10 uses theosebeia, which literally means “god-respecting” or godliness. Yare which is the Hebrew word used throughout the Old Testament and then was translated to phobos in Greek, seems (at least from what I can see) to have specific context when referring to God and means reverence and awe vs. terror. There are many other articles and discussions and info on the words themselves; HERE, HERE, and HERE are a few I found useful.
The general consensus I see though is that, while God is indeed ‘terrifying’ (simply because of His power and majesty compared to our existence), especially to those who do not know Him or have a relationship with Him, when these words are used in the context of ‘fearing’ God, they have more to do with awe, reference, worship, etc. than terror.
That being said, there are of course examples of prominent figures being ‘afraid’, ‘terrified’, etc. of God throughout the Bible as well. Moses and the Israelites for example are cited several times as being afraid due to various circumstances involving God’s presence (Exodus 3, Exodus 4, Exodus 20, etc.), Isaiah, Daniel, John, Paul, etc. all experienced fear and trembling in visions and/or encounters with God, but those examples are not the ‘fear of God’ per say that I’m discussing here.
I believe that ‘fear’ of God is something that first and foremost produces a result or action in those whom such fear dwells. It isn’t just a ‘doctrine’ or ‘mindset’ or ‘acknowledgment’; in the same way that accepting Christ as Lord isn’t just saying the ‘sinner’s prayer’ or repeating a certain sequence of words or affirmations or undergoing a symbolic event such as baptism.
Those who ‘fear’ God, as those who ‘follow’ God (aka, have actually accepted Christ as their Lord), are moved to change their lives based on God’s goodness, truth, mercy, power, etc. Their reason for not wanting to sin isn’t because they are ‘afraid’ of God’s punishment or potential punishment, but rather they don’t wan to sin because they know it affects their relationship with God negatively, they know there is often costly consequences as a result of sin (not to be confused with punishment for sin of course), and they know it grieves God.
The common ‘gospel’ in our day-and-age speaks about God’s mercy and Him being our savior if we accept it (both true things of course), but little else… This doctrine and belief system leaves behind an individual hardly any different than they were before; they don’t even recognize any need to change their lifestyle or sinful practices, much less feel any desire to do so; God has forgiven them after all, will continue to forgive them, and their salvation is ‘assured’ either way because they ‘accepted’ it. There is nothing to ‘fear’, either in God or in consequences of our actions in this belief system. They may attend some services on the occasional Sunday where they sing songs about how good God is and how He loves them and hear palatable sermons that reinforce the same… But little in their life is changed. God’s power is a theoretical thing, as is faith, discussed at length of course but never expected to be experienced in this life or really affect anything.
The true Gospel of God on the other hand is about repentance, taking up our ‘crosses’, following Jesus, and having our lives transformed through the power of Christ (as anyone who has attempted to change it themselves will admit it’s impossible). Godly ‘fear’ is a natural result of this process I think, and one that deepens as our relationship with God grows. It’s a fear that produces an ever-growing wonder, awe, reverence and respect for God and all that He is. A fear that acknowledges continually and in increasing amounts our own incredibly limited understanding of things, our fragile and temporary state of existence, and our weaknesses and failings before Him.
Fear of God I don’t believe is a ‘practice’ or theological belief or position of any kind, rather it’s an active part of a real relationship with the all-powerful and all-knowing creator. One that spurs those who have it, into actions, one that produces faith, hope, and love in them, one that creates a desire to ‘sin no more’, and ever exposes our own inability to achieve that goal, reinforcing our utter dependance and need of Him and His Spirit to change and transform us. It isn’t a one-time thing or single experience, but an ongoing development.
“Work out your salvation with FEAR and trembling…” says Paul in Philippians 2:12, followed up immediately with the HOW we may achieve that seemingly impossible task: “For it is God who works in you both to will and to do for His good pleasure.”
Paul doesn’t suggest in the above example or any other of his writings that Christianity is a passive pursuit or experience, or a simple theoretical position or belief. It is a race to be run, a toil to engage in, a cross to bear. It requires dedication, sacrifice, effort, and perhaps most notably in this context, dramatic change.
The fear of God produces such things as are necessary to run and endure the race along the Christian path as it were (references taken from HERE, HERE, and HERE:
- Fearing God is the foundation and beginning of true (that is to say, Godly) wisdom and knowledge (Proverbs 1:7; Proverbs 9:10).
- It is described as a “fountain of life” providing security, contentment, and shelter, turning people away from the many harmful snares of the evil one (Proverbs 14:27; Proverbs 19:23).
- Godly fear drives those who have it to hate and turn away from evil and pursue righteousness (Proverbs 16:6; 2 Corinthians 7:1).
- It replaces pride with a humble, contrite spirit and a desire to keep God’s commands (Proverbs 3:7; Ecclesiastes 12:13).
- Fear of the Lord makes us recognize God’s supreme authority and frees us from the concerns of man or uncertain circumstances (Isaiah 11:2-3; 1 John 4:18).
- It leads to a purposeful and peaceful life, under the attentive care of the Lord (Proverbs 19:23; Malachi 3:16).
Fear of God is, I believe, a crucial aspect of our walk with Him, and as such it is something I intend to pay more attention to in my life and encourage others to as well. If I feel my fear of the Lord is lapsing or lessening, that is a strong indication that my walk with Him is following suit.