James 5:16 reads:
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16Confess your trespasses to one another, and pray for one another, that you may be healed. The effective, fervent prayer of a righteous man avails much.
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I had someone ask me about this the other day and I wasn’t exactly sure what my understanding was of the answer. They took it to mean that we (brothers and sisters in Christ) should be telling each other about our failing/stumbling (aka, sins).
So sort of along the same lines as ‘Confession’ in Roman Catholicism is what I immediately associated this scenario with: going to someone and telling them you lost your temper today with your kids or spouse, or judged someone, or cursed, etc. except not in an anonymous way like Catholicism and not to a specific person (a priest) but to any/all Christian brethren.
My initial reaction was there’s something more to that passage/instruction that James is getting at, as I don’t imagine trying to ‘confess’ all our sins to other brethren in a general sense is what he meant.
I’ll clarify however, that there’s nothing ‘wrong’ with telling other brothers and sisters when you’ve failed, particularly if it’s something you are struggling with and that gives them and you the opportunity to pray together about that issue which is indeed a powerful thing and I believe will bring about change to those who persistently seek God’s aid on the matter.
However I’m not convinced that’s what James was implying specifically here. To preface that, I’d look at the previous part of his letter regarding this:
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13 Is anyone among you suffering? Let him pray. Is anyone cheerful? Let him sing psalms. 14 Is anyone among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord. 15 And the prayer of faith will save the sick, and the Lord will raise him up. And if he has committed sins, he will be forgiven. 16 Confess your trespasses to one another, and pray for one another, that you may be healed. The effective, fervent prayer of a righteous man avails much.
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So, James is talking about sickness and being healed is what it seems like to me, saying those that are sick should call for the elders to pray over them and anoint them, and the prayer of faith will save them and the Lord will restore them. If they have committed sins (relating to the sickness it seems like), God will forgive them. The ‘Confess to one another and you will be healed’ portion appears (at least to me) to be an extension of that previous part.
To sum that up, reading this initially seems to indicate what someone should do who has fallen sick due to sin in their lives (most likely ongoing and intentional sin, as how would they be able to confess it if it was unintentional?), but who has come to the point of repentance and is seeking God’s healing and forgiveness. So James is saying those seeking healing should have the elders pray for and anoint them. IF they have committed sins, they will be forgiven, AND if they did sin, they should confess those sins to one another so that they may be healed through the prayers of their brethren and elders.
Now, I find myself reading back over that paragraph and questioning it as it seems to me I make assumptions about the verses that may not be correct, so of course I’m compelled to dive a bit deeper here. Maybe James is NOT linking those two scenarios and they ARE in fact completely separate and he IS actually telling us we should get into the practice of confessing our sins to one another sort of like the Catholic confessions.
One thing I found interesting is the usage of the Greek word meaning ‘sin’ (hamartias) vs the Greek word meaning ‘fault’ (paraptomata). This post has a brief explanation of the two. The consensus that I’m seeing (I think anyway) is that the older texts cite hamartias/sin which seems to be considered by most as the ‘correct’ word, however whether ‘sin’ or ‘fault’ it seems to be directed at sin/fault against another brother or sister, not just ‘general’ sin or fault.
This article is one I came across when researching the topic that I also found very interesting. The consensus the author of that article makes is that James is referring to specific situations also, not just ‘general’ confessions.
The other thing is 1 John 1:9 where we are also called to ‘confess’ our sins, and He (God) will forgive us. Some (Catholic doctrine as an example) have attested that this verse reinforces the notion that we are to confess our sins to other people, however it seems at least to me that John is saying we are to confess our sins to God in this passage fairly explicitly, as John is talking about our relationship with God in that entire chapter, not about our relationship with other believers. If he (John) meant we are to confess to other believers in order to be forgiven, he (John) would have I believe specified that clearly because it would have been a significant departure from the direction of the previous parts of that chapter regarding our state and relationship with God and he (John) would want to have clarified that to his readers.
This article I found quite informative on the greek words used for Confess and Confession in the Bible and shed some light on the subject for me, although not directly addressing whether confession refers to confessing to God or to Men in the 1 John context, but I thought it went over the differences and what it actually means quite well according to the greek words and gave me a different view of what ‘Confession’ may indicate in the Bible where it’s mentioned… However that’s a bit of a different topic altogether.
To get back on track, the summation of the confess/confession word study in the article above as it relates to the passage in question (James 5:16), is that it seems to indicate verbal acknowledgement of sins/faults to other believers and involves healing (could be emotional/spiritual/physical/relationship, etc.), but doesn’t specifically point to whether James is saying to confess every sin to other believers (Catholic style) or just sin involving other believers, or ongoing struggles impacting our spiritual walk so we can be spiritually ‘healed’ or something relating to physical sickness.
Another thing that comes to mind is the ‘Lord’s Prayer’. When Jesus is teaching His disciples to pray, He includes the “Forgive us our trespasses, as we have forgiven those who trespass against us…” part. It’s important I think to note that Jesus does not specify His disciples must ‘confess’ each trespass to Jesus himself or to the Father, or to one another, and the prayer is clearly directed to God himself, requesting forgiveness and at the same time acknowledging we NEED forgiveness and we HAVE sinned in a general sense (which ties into the confess/confession meaning studied in the article above).
I think at least at this point I can say I’m not very sure what James means exactly when he tells us to ‘Confess our sins to one another so that we may be healed.’, however I do believe he doesn’t mean we need to list out every offense to other brethren or a specific person or we won’t be forgiven (the more Catholic aligned doctrine).
I DO believe it’s important particularly if we have ‘sinned’ against another brother or sister to verbally acknowledge and apologize to them so that the relationship may be ‘healed’ as it were (I think verses like Matthew 5:23 reinforce this very clearly).
I also believe that consistent and/or intentional ‘sin’ in various forms CAN indeed lead to physical sickness (1 Corinthians 11:30 for example shows this) and I would certainly take the approach of acknowledging that sin before brethren if I was asking them to pray for my healing as well which I suspect is what James is referring too more specifically.
Additionally, I think it’s also important and encourage us as brothers and sisters to request prayer for one another for issues we struggle with relating to ‘sin’ and ‘fault’, and I think verbally bringing those things out into the open as it were before one another can be a very powerful and ‘freeing’ exercise for believers and often a catalyst to overcoming temptations and breaking out of the hold sin can get on each of us.